Look at ancient inscriptions

Inscriptions are important because they preserve the original spelling of the scribe at the time it was written.

Mark all spelling interchanges

Historical phonologists can make a record of every time a scribe spells a word differently: e.g., an English speaker might spell tough as t-u-f-f.

Look at ancient papyri

Like inscriptions, papyri also provide a window into the exact spelling of the scribe at the time of composition.

Analyze spelling equivalences

By comparing where spelling mistakes occur, we can conclude what sounds were pronounced the same: e.g., from above, we may conclude that gh = ff.

Practice reading/hearing this pronunciation with texts!

Now that you have learned the Koine pronunciation, use the KoineGreek.com ancient audio reader to practice reading the New Testament (in ancient or modern script) while hearing the recording at the same time.